Bloat or Gastric-Dilatation Volvulus (GDV)
Gastric dilatation-volvulus, or bloat, as it is commonly called, is a life-threatening condition that primarily occurs in large, deep-chested breeds of dogs. Examples of these breeds includes Dobermans, German Shepherds, Great Danes, Greyhounds, and any type of Setter. However, bloat can occur in any breed of dog. Bloat occurs when air, fluid or foam accumulates abnormally in the stomach, causing it to expand. This may or may not be accompanied by a twisting of the stomach. If the stomach twists on itself it is a case of GDV. Dilatation of the stomach by itself is not a life-threatening condition, but when GDV occurs it is an emergency situation and the prognosis for your dog is extremely guarded. Only about 50% of dogs diagnosed with GDV survive.
No one knows exactly what causes bloat, but there are some theories on how to prevent it. It is recommended that you feed your dog multiple small meals throughout the day rather than one large meal, as well as not letting him eat or drink too much within one hour of exercise.
Bloat occurs extremely rapidly. Signs of bloat include an obviously expanded stomach, repeated unsuccessful attempts to vomit, drooling, and general abdominal discomfort. This is usually evidenced by pacing and general restlessness. The abdomen will feel like a drum. If this occurs in your dog, rush him to a veterinarian immediately! This is a potentially life-threatening situation that can only be resolved by immediate veterinary intervention!
Your veterinarian can determine whether or not the stomach has twisted by performing x-rays. If the stomach has not twisted, the bloating can be relieved by passing a stomach tube or using needles to relieve the pressure. It may be necessary to go to surgery to relieve the bloating. If the stomach has twisted, emergency surgery is required immediately! Prolonged twisting of the stomach can result in death of the stomach and intestines due to the compression of blood vessels leading to and from the stomach. Your dog will also need to be treated for shock, and will probably need to stay in the hospital for a few days.
If your dog has a history of bloating you should feed multiple small meals daily, and dry food should be slightly moistened before you feed it to your dog. Do not allow your dog to drink or eat excessively before or after exercise. Bloat is a very serious condition but it can be treated if caught early enough. If your dog is at risk, be aware of the signs, and if you notice them, take your dog to the veterinarian right away!